diff --git a/features/main/patch.feature b/features/main/patch.feature
index eeddbc5a1e0..8724a0196fc 100644
--- a/features/main/patch.feature
+++ b/features/main/patch.feature
@@ -58,3 +58,25 @@ Feature: Sending PATCH requets
       }
     }
     """
+
+  Scenario: Patch a relation with uri variables that are not `id`
+    When I add "Content-Type" header equal to "application/merge-patch+json"
+    And I send a "PATCH" request to "/betas/1" with body:
+    """
+      {
+        "alpha": "/alphas/2"
+      }
+    """
+    Then the response should be in JSON
+    And the response status code should be 200
+    And the header "Content-Type" should be equal to "application/ld+json; charset=utf-8"
+    And the JSON should be equal to:
+    """
+    {
+      "@context": "/contexts/Beta",
+      "@id": "/betas/1",
+      "@type": "Beta",
+      "betaId": 1,
+      "alpha": "/alphas/2"
+    }
+    """
diff --git a/src/Serializer/AbstractItemNormalizer.php b/src/Serializer/AbstractItemNormalizer.php
index 3a1bdd0eaf1..6120e93266f 100644
--- a/src/Serializer/AbstractItemNormalizer.php
+++ b/src/Serializer/AbstractItemNormalizer.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 use ApiPlatform\Exception\ItemNotFoundException;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\ApiProperty;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\CollectionOperationInterface;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Exception\OperationNotFoundException;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Property\Factory\PropertyMetadataFactoryInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Property\Factory\PropertyNameCollectionFactoryInterface;
 use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Resource\Factory\ResourceMetadataCollectionFactoryInterface;
@@ -512,12 +513,7 @@ protected function denormalizeCollection(string $attribute, ApiProperty $propert
 
         $collectionKeyType = $type->getCollectionKeyTypes()[0] ?? null;
         $collectionKeyBuiltinType = $collectionKeyType?->getBuiltinType();
-        $childContext = $this->createChildContext(['resource_class' => $className] + $context, $attribute, $format);
-        unset($childContext['uri_variables']);
-        if ($this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory) {
-            $childContext['operation'] = $this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory->create($className)->getOperation();
-        }
-
+        $childContext = $this->createChildContext($this->createOperationContext($context, $className), $attribute, $format);
         $values = [];
         foreach ($value as $index => $obj) {
             if (null !== $collectionKeyBuiltinType && !\call_user_func('is_'.$collectionKeyBuiltinType, $index)) {
@@ -637,8 +633,7 @@ protected function getAttributeValue(object $object, string $attribute, string $
             }
 
             $resourceClass = $this->resourceClassResolver->getResourceClass($attributeValue, $className);
-            $childContext = $this->createChildContext($context, $attribute, $format);
-            unset($childContext['iri'], $childContext['uri_variables'], $childContext['resource_class'], $childContext['operation']);
+            $childContext = $this->createChildContext($this->createOperationContext($context, $resourceClass), $attribute, $format);
 
             return $this->normalizeCollectionOfRelations($propertyMetadata, $attributeValue, $resourceClass, $format, $childContext);
         }
@@ -653,12 +648,7 @@ protected function getAttributeValue(object $object, string $attribute, string $
             }
 
             $resourceClass = $this->resourceClassResolver->getResourceClass($attributeValue, $className);
-            $childContext = $this->createChildContext($context, $attribute, $format);
-            $childContext['resource_class'] = $resourceClass;
-            if ($this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory) {
-                $childContext['operation'] = $this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory->create($resourceClass)->getOperation();
-            }
-            unset($childContext['iri'], $childContext['uri_variables']);
+            $childContext = $this->createChildContext($this->createOperationContext($context, $resourceClass), $attribute, $format);
 
             return $this->normalizeRelation($propertyMetadata, $attributeValue, $resourceClass, $format, $childContext);
         }
@@ -670,9 +660,9 @@ protected function getAttributeValue(object $object, string $attribute, string $
         unset($context['resource_class']);
         unset($context['force_resource_class']);
 
+        // Anonymous resources
         if ($type && $type->getClassName()) {
             $childContext = $this->createChildContext($context, $attribute, $format);
-            unset($childContext['iri'], $childContext['uri_variables']);
             $childContext['output']['gen_id'] = $propertyMetadata->getGenId() ?? true;
 
             return $this->serializer->normalize($attributeValue, $format, $childContext);
@@ -680,7 +670,6 @@ protected function getAttributeValue(object $object, string $attribute, string $
 
         if ($type && 'array' === $type->getBuiltinType()) {
             $childContext = $this->createChildContext($context, $attribute, $format);
-            unset($childContext['iri'], $childContext['uri_variables']);
 
             return $this->serializer->normalize($attributeValue, $format, $childContext);
         }
@@ -804,12 +793,7 @@ private function createAndValidateAttributeValue(string $attribute, mixed $value
             && $this->resourceClassResolver->isResourceClass($className)
         ) {
             $resourceClass = $this->resourceClassResolver->getResourceClass(null, $className);
-            $childContext = $this->createChildContext($context, $attribute, $format);
-            $childContext['resource_class'] = $resourceClass;
-            unset($childContext['uri_variables']);
-            if ($this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory) {
-                $childContext['operation'] = $this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory->create($resourceClass)->getOperation();
-            }
+            $childContext = $this->createChildContext($this->createOperationContext($context, $resourceClass), $attribute, $format);
 
             return $this->denormalizeRelation($attribute, $propertyMetadata, $resourceClass, $value, $format, $childContext);
         }
@@ -899,4 +883,29 @@ private function setValue(object $object, string $attributeName, mixed $value):
             // Properties not found are ignored
         }
     }
+
+    private function createOperationContext(array $context, string $resourceClass = null): array
+    {
+        if (isset($context['operation']) && !isset($context['root_operation'])) {
+            $context['root_operation'] = $context['operation'];
+            $context['root_operation_name'] = $context['operation_name'];
+        }
+
+        unset($context['iri'], $context['uri_variables']);
+        if (!$resourceClass) {
+            return $context;
+        }
+
+        unset($context['operation'], $context['operation_name']);
+        $context['resource_class'] = $resourceClass;
+        if ($this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory) {
+            try {
+                $context['operation'] = $this->resourceMetadataCollectionFactory->create($resourceClass)->getOperation();
+                $context['operation_name'] = $context['operation']->getName();
+            } catch (OperationNotFoundException) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $context;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/Serializer/ItemNormalizer.php b/src/Serializer/ItemNormalizer.php
index c51f911e1d0..e8c719dab3a 100644
--- a/src/Serializer/ItemNormalizer.php
+++ b/src/Serializer/ItemNormalizer.php
@@ -86,11 +86,7 @@ private function updateObjectToPopulate(array $data, array &$context): void
 
     private function getContextUriVariables(array $data, $operation, array $context): array
     {
-        if (!isset($context['uri_variables'])) {
-            return ['id' => $data['id']];
-        }
-
-        $uriVariables = $context['uri_variables'];
+        $uriVariables = $context['uri_variables'] ?? $data;
 
         /** @var Link $uriVariable */
         foreach ($operation->getUriVariables() as $uriVariable) {
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/TestBundle/ApiResource/Issue5736/Alpha.php b/tests/Fixtures/TestBundle/ApiResource/Issue5736/Alpha.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..195b8085a07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/TestBundle/ApiResource/Issue5736/Alpha.php
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the API Platform project.
+ *
+ * (c) Kévin Dunglas <dunglas@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ApiPlatform\Tests\Fixtures\TestBundle\ApiResource\Issue5736;
+
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\ApiProperty;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Get;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Operation;
+
+#[Get(
+    provider: [Alpha::class, 'provide'],
+)]
+final class Alpha
+{
+    public function __construct(#[ApiProperty(identifier: true)] public int $alphaId)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public static function provide(Operation $operation, array $uriVariables = []): self
+    {
+        return new self(alphaId: $uriVariables['alphaId']);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Fixtures/TestBundle/ApiResource/Issue5736/Beta.php b/tests/Fixtures/TestBundle/ApiResource/Issue5736/Beta.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1644756d192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Fixtures/TestBundle/ApiResource/Issue5736/Beta.php
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the API Platform project.
+ *
+ * (c) Kévin Dunglas <dunglas@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace ApiPlatform\Tests\Fixtures\TestBundle\ApiResource\Issue5736;
+
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\ApiProperty;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Operation;
+use ApiPlatform\Metadata\Patch;
+
+#[Patch(
+    processor: [Beta::class, 'process'],
+    provider: [Beta::class, 'provide'],
+)]
+final class Beta
+{
+    public function __construct(#[ApiProperty(identifier: true)] public int $betaId, public ?Alpha $alpha = null)
+    {
+    }
+
+    public static function provide(Operation $operation, array $uriVariables = []): self
+    {
+        return new self(betaId: $uriVariables['betaId']);
+    }
+
+    public static function process($body)
+    {
+        return $body;
+    }
+}